Icyuho cy’umwuka kitaringaniye hagati ya stator na rotor (bizwi cyane nka "air gap eccentricity") mu ma hydro-generators manini ni ikibazo gikomeye gishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere ihamye n’igihe cy’ubuzima bw’igikoresho.
Mu magambo make, icyuho cy’umwuka utaringaniye gitera ikwirakwizwa ry’imbaraga za rukuruzi ridafite ingano, ibyo bikaba byatera ibibazo byinshi bya rukuruzi n’ibya mekanike. Hano turasesengura birambuye ingaruka ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi na voltage ya stator, ndetse n’izindi ngaruka mbi zijyana na byo.
I. Ingaruka ku muyoboro wa Stator
Iyi ni yo ngaruka igaragara kandi itaziguye.
1. Kwiyongera kw'ihindagurika ry'umuyoboro w'amazi n'ihindagurika ry'imiraba
Ihame: Mu duce dufite icyuho gito cy’umwuka, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya magnetiki ni buto kandi ubucucike bw’amashanyarazi ni bwinshi; mu duce dufite icyuho kinini cy’umwuka, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya magnetiki ni bunini kandi ubucucike bw’amashanyarazi ni buto. Ubu bubasha bwo kurwanya magnetiki butagira ingano butera imbaraga za electromotive zidahuje mu mizunguruko ya stator.
Imikorere: Ibi bitera ubusumbane mu miyoboro ya stator y’ibice bitatu. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, umubare munini wa harmonics zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, cyane cyane harmonics zidasanzwe (nka 3rd, 5th, 7th, nibindi), zishyirwa mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi, bigatuma imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi itazongera kuba umuraba woroshye ahubwo igahinduka ihindagurika.
2. Gukora ibice by'ubu bifite umurongo ngenderwaho
Ihame: Imbaraga za rukuruzi zizenguruka zihwanye n'isoko y'ihindagurika ry'ingufu nke ihindura imikorere y'ingufu z'ibanze.
Imikorere: Uduce tw'inyuma tugaragara muri stator current spectrum. By'umwihariko, ibice by'inyuma biragaragara ku mpande zombi z'inyuma y'ibanze (50Hz).
3. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'aho utuye mu byuma bishyuha cyane
Ihame: Ibice bya harmonic mu muyoboro w'amazi byongera igihombo cy'umuringa (igihombo cya I²R) cy'imiyoboro ya stator. Muri icyo gihe, imiyoboro ya harmonic itera igihombo cy'umuyoboro w'amazi n'igihombo cya hysteresis mu gice cy'icyuma, bigatuma igihombo cy'icyuma cyiyongera.
Imikorere: Ubushyuhe bw'aho stator windings n'icyuma bizamuka mu buryo budasanzwe, bishobora kurenga urugero rwemewe rw'ibikoresho byo gukingira, bikihutisha gusaza kw'ibikoresho byo gukingira, ndetse bigatera impanuka zo gushya mu buryo bwihuse.
II. Ingaruka ku muvuduko wa Stator
Nubwo ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi zitaziguye nk'uko zigaragara ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi, ni ingenzi cyane.
1. Ihindagurika ry'ishusho y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi
Ihame: Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zikorwa na moteri zifitanye isano itaziguye n'icyuho cy'umwuka gihindagurika. Icyuho cy'umwuka kitaringaniye gitera ihindagurika ry'ishusho y'ihindagurika ry'umwuka, ibyo bigatuma ihinduka ry'ishusho y'ihindagurika ry'umwuka riterwa na stator naryo rihindagurika, rigizwe na harmonic voltages.
Imikorere: Ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi asohoka buragabanuka kandi ntabwo bukiri umuraba usanzwe wa sine.
2. Kudahuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Mu bihe bikomeye bidafite ingano, bishobora gutera ubusumbane runaka mu muvuduko w’amashanyarazi usohoka mu byiciro bitatu.
III. Izindi ngaruka mbi zikomeye (ziterwa n'ibibazo by'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi)
Ibibazo by’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi byavuzwe haruguru bizatera urukurikirane rw’ibikorwa by’uruhererekane rw’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, akenshi bikaba byahitana abantu benshi.
1. Gukurura Magnetic Kudahuza (UMP)
Iyi ni yo ngaruka ikomeye kandi iteje akaga cyane yo kuba ahantu hatandukanye mu kirere.
Ese?
Ihame: Ku ruhande rufite icyuho gito cy'umwuka, gukurura kwa rukuruzi ni gukomeye cyane kurusha ku ruhande rufite icyuho kinini cy'umwuka. Uku gukurura rukuruzi (UMP) kuzarushaho gukurura rotor yerekeza ku ruhande rufite icyuho gito cy'umwuka.
Uruziga rw'ibibi: UMP iziyongeraho ikibazo cy'icyuho cy'umwuka kitaringaniye, igakora uruziga rubi. Uko ibintu bidasanzwe birushaho kuba bibi, ni ko UMP iba ​​nini; uko UMP iba ​​nini, ni ko ibintu bidasanzwe birushaho kuba bibi.
Ingaruka:
•Uguhindagurika kw'Ijwi n'Urusaku: Iyi mashini itanga guhindagurika gukomeye inshuro ebyiri (cyane cyane inshuro ebyiri z'ingufu, 100Hz), kandi urwego rw'ihindagurika n'urusaku ruriyongera cyane.
•Kwangirika kwa mekanike ku bice bigize icyuma: UMP y'igihe kirekire itera kwangirika k'ubwikorezi, umunaniro wo mu mwanya wa journal, guhindagura umugozi, ndetse ishobora no gutuma stator na rotor bivangavanga (gushyamirana no kugongana), ibi bikaba ari ukunanirwa gukomeye.
2. Kongera Kunyeganyega kw'Ibice

Inkomoko: Ahanini biva mu bintu bibiri:
1. Guhindagurika kw'amashanyarazi: Biterwa no gukurura kwa rukuruzi kutaringaniye (UMP), inshuro zijyanye n'imbaraga rukuruzi zizenguruka hamwe n'umuvuduko w'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.
2. Kunyeganyega kwa Mekanike: Biterwa no kwangirika kw'ibyuma, kugorana kw'imirongo n'ibindi bibazo biterwa na UMP.
Ingaruka: Bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ihamye y'imashini yose ikora moteri (harimo na turbine) kandi bigahungabanya umutekano w'inyubako y'amashanyarazi.
3. Ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Guhindura imiterere y’amashanyarazi n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi bizahumanya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’uruganda kandi biyinjize mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y’ibindi bikoresho muri bisi imwe kandi ntibihuze n’ubuziranenge bw’amashanyarazi.
4. Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi n'ingufu zo gusohora
Gutakaza imbaraga n'ubushyuhe byiyongereye bizagabanya imikorere myiza ya moteri, kandi iyo amazi yinjiye kimwe, ingufu zikoreshwa zizagabanuka.
Umwanzuro

Icyuho cy’umwuka kitaringaniye hagati ya stator na rotor mu ma generator manini y’amazi si ikintu cyoroshye na gato. Gitangira nk’ikibazo cya electromagnetic ariko gihita kihinduka ikibazo gikomeye gihuza amashanyarazi, mekanike, n’ubushyuhe. Gukurura kwa magnetic kutaringaniye (UMP) bitera hamwe n’ihindagurika rikomeye rituruka kuri byo ni byo bintu by’ingenzi bibangamira imikorere myiza y’icyuma. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, kubungabunga, no gukora no kubungabunga buri munsi, uburinganire bw’icyuho cy’umwuka bugomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ikosa ridasanzwe bigomba kugaragara no gukemurwa ku gihe binyuze muri sisitemu zo kugenzura kuri interineti (nk’igenzura ry’ihindagurika, ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi, n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere).